The study analyses the domestic political background of the conflict that resulted in the French conquest of Algeria.The author begins at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries when the Paris government bought grain from Algerian merchants.Subsequent economic cooperation, including the provision and collection of loans, negatively affected mutual

Net surface shortwave radiation (NSSR) is one of the most important fundamental parameters in various land processes.Benefiting from its efficient nonlinear fitting ability, machine learning algorithms have a great potential in the retrieval of NSSR.However, few studies have explored the level of accuracy that machine learning algorithms can reach

This article studies of null controllability property of nonlinear coupled one dimensional degenerate parabolic equations.These equations form a cascade system, that is, the Shower Gel solution of the first equation acts as a control in the second equation and the control function acts only directly on the first equation.We prove positive null cont

Seafood mislabeling rates of approximately 20% have been reported globally.Traditional methods for fish species identification, such as DNA analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are expensive and time-consuming, and require skilled technicians and specialized equipment.The combination of spectroscopy and machine learning presents a promisin

Abstract The schooling flashlight fish Anomalops katoptron can be found at dark nights at the water surface in the Indo-Pacific.Schools are characterized by bioluminescent blink patterns of sub-ocular light organs densely-packed with bioluminescent, symbiotic bacteria.Here we analyzed how blink patterns of A.katoptron are used in social interaction